(2003). Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, Kew Backbone Distributions Images: None on this site. The whole plant of Ludwigia perennis L. (Fig. For more multimedia, look at Ludwigia perennis on Wikimedia Commons . Jussiaea caryophyllea Lamarck; J. perennis (Linnaeus) Brenan; Ludwigia caryophyllea (Lamarck) Merrill & F. P. Metcalf; L. parviflora Roxburgh. Ludwigia. Girmansyah, D. & al. Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell, Garcia de Orta 5 (1957) 471; --Raven, Reinwardtia 6 (1963) 387; Fl. (2015). Cameroon, Chad, Ludwigia perennis, GC-MS, ethanolic, bioactive compounds. (1967). It is often erroneously labeled as "Ludwigia perennis" or "Ludwigia peruensis" in trade. Congo, Philippines, Ludwigia humbertii Robyns & Lawalrée Ludwigia jussiaeoides Wall. & Hong, D. Danh l?c các loài th?c v?t Vi?t Nam 2: 1-1203. Regards Vijayasankar Raman National Center for Natural Products Research University of Mississippi-- Re: [efloraofindia:135441] Herb ID request - RK23 - 17-Oct-2012: Samir Mehta: 10/17/12 7:08 PM: Excellent images & very interesting post too Rashmi ji. (2001). 1753; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. We’re sorry, but GBIF doesn’t work properly without JavaScript enabled. Fresh Trimming of the 120 + added some Ludwigia Glandulosa Perennis. Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. Flora of Somalia, Vol. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department. Ang Ludwigia perennis sakop sa kahenera nga Ludwigia sa kabanay nga Onagraceae. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Ludwigia glandulosa ''Perennis.'' Pl. (1964). Jussiaea perennis (L.) Brenan. (2014). Nice pictures of Ludwigia sp., most probably L. perennis. Ethiopia, Pandey, R.P. The genus Jussiaea, formerly recognized, comprised those species with the stamens twice as many as the sepals, but the genera as thus delimited are clearly artificial groupings which should be abandoned (see Brenan in Kew Bull. Fl. Flower Photograph by: J.M.Garg Creative Commons … Una ning gihulagway ni Carl von Linné. 1978, M. Thulin et al. Vietnam, Ludvigia caule diffuso, foliis lanceolatis, capsulis pedunculatis folio dimidio brevioribus Fl. Herbs erect, annual, with taproot. 1) were collected from Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India and were authenticated by Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Ludwigia glandulosa from North America is a very beautiful water plant. There is and has never been a "Ludwigia peruensis". van Steenis, C.G.G.J. 87371417 Cookie Policy. The Plant List. Merr. Males. (1981). Ludwigia Peruensis, or Ludwigia glandulosa, is a beautiful amphibious plant that will grow either partially or fully submersed. Nepal, ORSTROM, Bangui. Possibly, that name is in reference to the - relatively - unrelated L. perennis.See this reference at Kew: (2014). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Singh, M. & Ali, S.J. 1753; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Flora of Tropical East Africa & Boudet, G. (1991). Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ Pandey, R.P. Uganda, IPNI Life Sciences Identifier (LSID) urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:613408-1 Publication Species Plantarum Collation 1: 119 Date of Publication 1 May 1753 Family as entered in IPNI Onagraceae Original Data Remarks Ind. Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. New Guinea, 2. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Ludwigia oppositifolia L. Ludwigia nesaeoides H. Perrier Ludwigia multiflora Walp. Malawi, Contributions to the flora of Asian European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 3 Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 162: 103-115. 66.*. Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville. (2013). Ludwigia perennis L. Ludwigia This plant is found in wetlands in northern Australia. The genus Jussiaea, formerly recognized, comprised those species with the stamens twice as many as the sepals, but the genera as thus delimited are clearly artificial groupings which should be abandoned (see Brenan in Kew Bull. Archives of phytopathology and plant protection 1; Review of palaeobotany and palynology 1; Publication Year. Ludwigia perennis L. Biogeographical Region: 40 - Indian subcontinent Search this Collector: Dieter Mueller-Dombois Search this P. L. Comanor Search this Min. (1993). Ludwigia (commemorating the German physician Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (1709-1773) of Leipzig.) (2010). Media in category "Ludwigia perennis"The following 19 files are in this category, out of 19 total. Bot. (1984). Quilon Dist. Stems becomes 15-40 cm tall and 5-12 cm wide. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi. The fresh plant Ludwigia perennis L. (Onagraceae) were collected in Erode district, India and were authenticated at Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Coimbatore, India. Ludwigia caryophyllea (Lam.) Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. 238: 289‒294, 1953). Erect annual, herb, 0.2-1.5 m high. 1954, Afghanistan, Description provided by eFloras Herbs erect, annual, with taproot. (1991). Ludwigia perennis Linnaeus, Sp. In the trade, it is often found under the erroneous name of "Ludwigia perennis", which is not a synonym for L. glandulosa but the name of another species found in Asia, Africa and Australia. Stems 20-100 cm tall, branched, subglabrous or minutely puberulous on younger parts. Journal of East African Natural History 32: 877-890. It is always available commercially. montevidensis (Sprengel) … 6 Sep 2018. INTRODUCTION edicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medicinal practitioners to cure different diseases due to their world-wide availability and fewer side effects. Family: ONAGRACEAE Citation: Ludwigia perennis L., Sp. Sri Lanka, Citation in PubAg 2; Journal. I think Ludwigia perennis L. as per comparative images at Ludwigia References: Catalogue of Life The Plant List Ver.1.1 GRIN Flora of Pakistan Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal Flora of China Dinesh Valke’s Flickr Post IUCN Red List (LC) India Biodiversity Portal Wikimedia Commons (2010). Manila (1912) 356; EPFP 3 (1923) 219; --Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Barua- Rheedea Vol. Description. Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone Sudan, Flora Zambesiaca Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system. Ludwigia perennis L. collect. Flore du Congo du Rwanda et du Burundi, Onagraceae: 1-25. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps. Mostaph, M.K. 119. Pl. New Caledonia, (eds.) A high demand in CO2 is approx. Onana, J.M. Flora of Somalia 1: 1-493. 1: 119 (1753). India, Hà N?i : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p. (2009). Ludwigia perennis L. 细花丁香蓼 Description from Flora of China. © Copyright Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, IPNI - The International Plant Names Index. (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 1-532. Herbs erect, annual, with taproot. Ludwigia perennis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Origin of Ludwigia Glandulosa. Madagascar, Boulvert, Y. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/, Ludwigia caryophyllea (Lam.) Ludwigia perennis Linnaeus. Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort. Description Range Description: Ludwigia perennis is a paleo-tropical species. It is native to parts of the Americas and it has the potential to spread easily and become naturalized in many areas. Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). In its fully submersed form, its spade-shaped leaves range in color from dark green to brownish-red. Aké Assi, L. (2002). Ludwigia: Loài (species) L. perennis: Danh pháp hai phần; Ludwigia perennis L. Ludwigia perennis là một loài thá»±c vật có hoa trong họ Anh thảo chiều. The submersed stems grow strictly upright and hardly ramify, whereas the land form develops creeping runners as well as upright, ramified shoots up to 80 cm in height. Ludwigia (primrose-willow, water-purslane, or water-primrose) is a genus of about 82 species of aquatic plants native to Central and South America with a cosmopolitan but mainly tropical distribution.. At current, there is much debate among botanists and plant taxonomists as to the classification of many Ludwigia species. Ludwigia adscendens, L. decurrens, L. octovalvis and L. octovalvis subsp. Some species found in India with description & keys from Flora of China: Ludwigia adscendens (Linnaeus) H. Hara. The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. The genus Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in India Rheedea 20: 59-70. (ed.) Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent. It is best placed as a freestanding group of stems with different lengths in the midground. Tropica Aquarium Plants A/S. 1753. It is possible the same name is included from a different data source, to check this you can search for Ludwigia perennis in version 1.1 of The Plant List. Ludwigia prostrata Roxburgh Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)-Ludwigia adscendens. Jawa, Macrocarpon (Micheli) H. Hara occur only in the Neotropics, as do most species in the presumably related L. sect. Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. J.R.Forst. East side, Sri Lanka, Asia-Tropical Collection Date: 25 Jul 1967 Taxonomy: Plantae Dicotyledonae Myrtales Onagraceae Published Name: Ludwigia perennis L. Barcode: 01357940 … & Keay, R.W.J. Creator 40 - Indian subcontinent, R. G. Cooray. Hainan, Am. Young plant Photograph by: Not known Public domain. ser. Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Pl. Malaya, Vvedensky, A.I. Ludwigia repens is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name creeping primrose-willow. [2] [3] Inga underarter finns listade i … Email addresses are given on the home page. Lahugula Tank. China South-Central, [family ONAGRACEAE ] Verified by Henry Trimen, Jussiaea perennis (L.) Brenan [family ONAGRACEAE ] … Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. Mejlbyvej 200 8250 Egå Tlf. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. (2017). (2015). Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell. It is native to parts of the Americas and it has the potential to spread easily and become naturalized in many areas. Pl. Bot. East Himalaya, The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. Myanmar, Elevation: 36 Search this Place: Ceylon. 细花丁香蓼 xi hua ding xiang liao Jussiaea caryophyllea Lamarck; J. perennis (Linnaeus) Brenan; Ludwigia caryophyllea (Lamarck) Merrill & F. P. Met-calf; L. parviflora Roxburgh. Barua- Rheedea Vol. A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68. Ludwigia perennis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Ludwigia perennis : Ludwigia perennis : Description:Flower : Description:Plant : Location:100 Mile Swamp, Undara Volcanic National Park, North Queensland : Ludwigia perennis L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Ludwigia (family Onagraceae). 2. Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Merr. Ludwigia perennis L. Sp.Pl. Mali, : 1-434. Ludwigia perennis L. Ludwigia perennis L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Ludwigia (family Onagraceae). Each stalk becomes 2-4cm wide and 10-30cm high. Stem anatomical structure of the plant ludwigia perennis l. 5 1 0 1 0 In the trade, it is often found under the erroneous name of "Ludwigia perennis", which is not a synonym for L. glandulosa but the name of another species found in Asia, Africa and Australia. Used to be sold as Ludwigia perennis. The Genus Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in India by I.C. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Lesser Sunda Is., Backhuys Publishers. Flora Iranica 7: 1-19. It is also cultivated as an aquarium plant. This stem plant is at times mistaken as Ludwigia peruviana or Ludwigia perennis. Full Record. Taton, A. Toggle facets Limit your search Text Availability. A study on aquatic Angiosperms of district Mau (East U.P.) The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Calicut 117. Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). L. glandulosa has lanceolate alternate leaves (1 leaf per node). (2003). A checklist of the vascular plants of Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India Nelumbo 54: 39-91. Somalia, 15-25 mg/L. Accessed: 08-Apr-12. 119. Pakistan, It is also often sold under the trade name of "Ludwigia peruensis", obviously deriving from "perennis". In India it is distributed in Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Goa, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. (2011). (2008). The average or medium light demand of an aquarium plant is 0,5 W/L. Central African Repu, Created Date 3 Dec 1969. Ludwigia perennis L. [family ONAGRACEAE] (stored under name); Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. 1997). Zimbabwe, Art and Illustrations in Digifolia (1995 publ. Image from Stuppy & Kesseler©Papadakis Publisher, Onagraceae, P. H. Raven. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz. 1753. Grierson, A.J.C. Email addresses are given on the home page. Contributing Institution NMNH - Botany Dept. Ludwigia perennis [1] är en dunörtsväxtart som beskrevs av Carl von Linné. Flora Zambesiaca 4. Dy Phon, P. (2000). Ludwigia perennis L. Ludwigia perennis L. Image. The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-23) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Sp. Pl. Togo, Fresh plants were collected and air-dried at room temperature and then homogenized to obtain coarse powder. & Raven, P.H. Fl. & F.P.Metcalf. Bangladesh, Ludwigia perennis L. [family ONAGRACEAE] (stored under name); Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. Ludwigia, the only genus in the Jussiaeeae tribe, is both very large and very diverse, with around 82 species in 23 sections (Zardini et al., 1991). (1954-1958). National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. [family ONAGRACEAE ] Verified by Henry Trimen, Jussiaea perennis (L… Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Bruxelles. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0, Flora of West Tropical Africa Possibly, that name is in reference to the - relatively - unrelated L. perennis.See this reference at Kew: Raven, P.H. Oligospermum, whose members are morphological very closely related.Four subspecies have been recorded: Ludwigia peploides subsp. Stems 20-100 cm tall, branched, subglabrous or minutely puberulous on younger parts. Flowering plant in India Photograph by: J.M.Garg Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 . Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacquin) P. H. Raven. Accessed: 08-Apr-12. Tadzhikistan, This cosmopolitan stem plant turns red easier and is smaller than the well-known Ludwigia repens 'Rubin'. Common Name: Young plant Photograph by: Not known Public domain. Espesye sa tanom nga bulak ang Ludwigia perennis . (1974-1978). 192. Turner, I.M. Sulawesi, Zaïre, (eds.) Ludwigia. (eds.) (eds.) Ludwigia perennis L. appears in other Kew resources: IPNI - The International Plant Names Index Herbarium Catalogue (11 records) Accessed: 08-Apr-12. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. Email addresses are given on the home page. Ludwigia perennis L. Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. Ludwigia lythroides Blume Ludwigia multiflora Walp. sessiliflora is in … Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven, Ludwigia peploides subsp. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice. L. glandulosa has lanceolate alternate leaves (1 leaf per node). Provides authoritative information on the flora of Western Australia. Borneo, nized in Ludwigia sect. Flora Zambesiaca 4: 1-658. Meena, S.L. [family ONAGRACEAE ] Verified by Henry Trimen, Jussiaea perennis (L… © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. It is known as an aquatic weed in some regions. Ludwigia perennis L. We have few details about this taxon; if you can provide any information, photos or reliable records, please contact one of the site authors. The leaves turn greener and the lower ones may fall off if sufficient light is not provided. Our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site. … 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS, Onagraceae, J. P. M. Brenan. 1: 119. Jap. & Long, D.G. 2019 1; 2012 1; Subject. & Dilwakar, P.G. & Datt, B. Contact us about this record. Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]. West Himalaya, 2, 1: 1-828. General Information Ludwigia perennis is an erect, annual, taprooted plant with branched stems, growing 20 - 100cm tall +45 86 22 05 66 Fax +45 86 22 84 66 [email protected] CVR-nr. Kenya, Ludwigia perennis L. Ludwigia perennis L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Ludwigia (family Onagraceae). The fresh leaf was undertaken by rotary microtome and examined on photomicrographs, to find out identical characteristics. There is and has never been a "Ludwigia peruensis". Become dealer. or Links Same citation as Ludwigia perennis L., Species Plantarum (1753). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. You searched for: Ludwigia perennis Remove constraint Ludwigia perennis. An Ludwigia perennis in uska species han Magnoliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. Ludwigia repens e Ludwigia glandulosa Articolo di Rox su Acquariofiliafacile.it con descrizione e foto di queste due specie di Ludwigia, due splendide rosse, con indicazioni per distinguerle l'una dall'altra e con consigli per la loro coltivazione in acquario Ludwigia repens 'Rubin' Ludwigia perennis Linnaeus, Sp. The record derives from Tropicos which reports it as an accepted name (record 23200196) with original publication details: Sp. & Soepadmo, E. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2007). Looking forward to see how colorful it gets. Calicut 117. A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Ludwigia perennis L. We have few details about this taxon; if you can provide any information, photos or reliable records, please contact one of the site authors. Ludwigia perennis L. We have few details about this taxon; if you can provide any information, photos or reliable records, please contact one of the site authors. yellow, Mar to Aug. Moist, sandy or clayey soils. (eds.) ser. Most likely to be L. prostrata. 2 (1798) 32; --Merr., Fl. Ludwigia perennis ingår i släktet ludwigior, och familjen dunörtsväxter. Myrtocarpus (Munz) H. Hara, which suggests that this widespread spe-cies may have arisen there and spread worldwide, presumably assisted by human activities. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Flora of West Tropical Africa Ludwigia perennis L. Laing Ngalan; Oenothera quadricolumnata Noronha Ludwigia zeylanica Pers. 2 (1832) 693. Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. show all English Vietnamese Chinese. This Ludwigia species is native iin wetlands of southeastern North America. Images: None on this site. L. glandulosa has lanceolate alternate leaves (1 leaf per node). Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh. The Genus Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in India by I.C. Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. zeyl. Zambia, Ludwigia (commemorating the German physician Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (1709-1773) of Leipzig.) An Ludwigia perennis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ludwigia, ngan familia nga Onagraceae. Ludwigia repens is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name creeping primrose-willow. (eds.) Edges of creeks, pools & swamps. Cambodia, It is also often sold under the trade name of "Ludwigia peruensis", obviously deriving from "perennis". Nobis, M. & al. overview; data; articles; maps; names; English. When you search for this species in the aquascape trade, its familiar name is Ludwigia peruensis. Ludwigia lythroides Bl. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. Media in category "Ludwigia perennis"The following 19 files are in this category, out of 19 total. Medicinal plants are valuable therapeutic agents; both in modern and traditional medicine1 20 (1) 59-70 2010 (pdf available in this efi thread) – Abstract – The genus Ludwigia L. consists of seven species and one infraspecific taxon in India, of which L. decurrens forms the first report for India. A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655. Assam, Thulin, M. Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. 1: 119 119 1753. (1977). The leaf consists of a thin lamina and thick midrib. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé. Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online. L. repens. Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. (1959). Images: None on this site. It is known as an aquatic weed in some regions. The top of the leaves are typically olive green in color, whereas the undersides are reddish-brown to deep red. (2000). & Metcalf. (eds.) Ruhuna National Park, Block 1; … Images: None on this site. 1, 8 (1977) 104; --Jussiaea hyssopifolia G.Don, Gen. Syst. (2008). Ludwigia humbertii Robyns & Lawalrée Ludwigia caryophyllea Merrill & Metcalf Jussiaea perennis Brenan Jussiaea maderaspatana Steud. yellow, Mar to Aug. Moist, sandy or clayey soils. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0, Flora of Tropical East Africa Mauritania, (2012). Ludwigia nesaeoides H.Perrier Ludwigia oppositifolia L. Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis). 1953, Onagraceae, J. P. M. Brenan. Download Citation | On May 1, 2017, M. Sharmila published ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE LEAF OF LUDWIGIA PERENNIS L. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:1.
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